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No Trade Under Verifiable Information
Spyros Galanis
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.04944 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2506.04944

No Trade Under Verifiable Information
No trade theorems examine conditions under which agents cannot agree to disagree on the value of a security which pays according to some state of nature, thus preventing any mutual agreement to trade. A large literature has examined conditions which imply no trade, such as relaxing the common prior and common knowledge assumptions, as well as allowing for agents who are boundedly rational or ambiguity averse. We contribute to this literature by examining conditions on the private information of…

Toward Khintchine's theorem with a moving target: extra divergence or finitely centered target
Gilbert Michaud, Felipe A. Ram\'irez
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.04187

Toward Khintchine's theorem with a moving target: extra divergence or finitely centered target
Sz{ü}sz's inhomogeneous version (1958) of Khintchine's theorem (1924) gives conditions on $ψ:\mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{R}_{\geq 0}$ under which for almost every real number $α$ there exist infinitely many rationals $p/q$ such that \begin{equation*} \lvertα- \frac{p+γ}{q}\rvert < \frac{ψ(q)}{q}, \end{equation*} where $γ\in\mathbb{R}$ is some fixed inhomogeneous parameter. It is often interpreted as a statement about visits of $qα\,(\bmod 1)$ to a shrinking target centered around $γ\,(\bmod…

This https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.23436 has been replaced.
initial toot: https://mastoxiv.page/@arXiv_csAI_…

Emergent Risk Awareness in Rational Agents under Resource Constraints
Advanced reasoning models with agentic capabilities (AI agents) are deployed to interact with humans and to solve sequential decision-making problems under (approximate) utility functions and internal models. When such problems have resource or failure constraints where action sequences may be forcibly terminated once resources are exhausted, agents face implicit trade-offs that reshape their utility-driven (rational) behaviour. Additionally, since these agents are typically commissioned by a h…

The Latent Space Hypothesis: Toward Universal Medical Representation Learning
Salil Patel
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.04515 https://ar…

The Latent Space Hypothesis: Toward Universal Medical Representation Learning
Medical data range from genomic sequences and retinal photographs to structured laboratory results and unstructured clinical narratives. Although these modalities appear disparate, many encode convergent information about a single underlying physiological state. The Latent Space Hypothesis frames each observation as a projection of a unified, hierarchically organized manifold -- much like shadows cast by the same three-dimensional object. Within this learned geometric representation, an individ…

New Zealand prime minister Ardern was grappling with whether to go:
“Something had been loosened worldwide,” she says,
with rage everywhere,
public servants being followed and attacked,
as if they were “somehow distinct from being human”.
We all recognise this rage,
but Ardern was at the centre of it,
representing progressive politics, tough Covid measures, empathy, emotion, anti-racism, femaleness;
a symbol of a different time, more rational…

MichelangeRoll: Sculpting Rational Distributions Exactly and Efficiently
Jui-Hsiang Shao, Hsin-Po Wang
https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.00915 https://

MichelangeRoll: Sculpting Rational Distributions Exactly and Efficiently
Simulating an arbitrary discrete distribution $D \in [0, 1]^n$ using fair coin tosses incurs trade-offs between entropy complexity and space and time complexity. Shannon's theory suggests that $H(D)$ tosses are necessary and sufficient, but does not guarantee exact distribution. Knuth and Yao showed that a decision tree consumes fewer than $H(D) + 2$ tosses for one exact sample. Drapper and Saad's recent work addresses the space and time aspect, showing that $H(D) + 2$ tosses, $O(n \log(n) \log…

Accelerated Ostwald ripening by chemical activity
Benjamin Sorkin, Ned S. Wingreen
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.04493 https://arxiv.org…

Accelerated Ostwald ripening by chemical activity
Phase separation of biomolecular condensates is ubiquitous in living cells, promoting colocalization of enzymes and their substrates as well as achieving membrane-free compartmentalization. Energy-consuming processes are routinely used to regulate biocondensate growth by opposing the thermodynamic tendency toward coarsening. At the same time, cells often use energy to instead accelerate thermodynamic processes. Here, we theoretically explore the possibility of utilizing chemical reactions to ac…

@… Seems like the rationale is that Iran was already going all-out for a bomb & threat of regime change is most likely way to get regime to back down. I don't believe anything Bibi says, but IAEA report & support from France, UK, Germans all suggest they had such intel on bomb project. Note also comments from JDCA & J Street.

Beyond Prediction -- Structuring Epistemic Integrity in Artificial Reasoning Systems
Craig Steven Wright
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.17331 https://

Beyond Prediction -- Structuring Epistemic Integrity in Artificial Reasoning Systems
This paper develops a comprehensive framework for artificial intelligence systems that operate under strict epistemic constraints, moving beyond stochastic language prediction to support structured reasoning, propositional commitment, and contradiction detection. It formalises belief representation, metacognitive processes, and normative verification, integrating symbolic inference, knowledge graphs, and blockchain-based justification to ensure truth-preserving, auditably rational epistemic age…

Risky Medications: The FDA has given more than 20 foreign factories a special pass to continue sending drugs to the U.S. even though they were made at plants that the agency had banned.
Troubled Factories: The medications came mostly from plants in India where inspectors found contaminated drugs, filthy labs and falsified records.
FDA Secrecy: The agency did not proactively inform the public when drugs were exempted from import bans, and it did not routinely test the medications …

Threat in Your Medicine Cabinet: The FDA’s Gamble on America’s Drugs
A ProPublica investigation found that for more than a decade, the FDA gave substandard factories banned from the United States a special pass to keep sending drugs to an unsuspecting public.